SOMALIA Capital: Mogadishu 2,425,000 (2017) Population: 14,317,996 (2017) Area: 637,657 km2 History: Formation: Somali city-states: c. 200 BCE. Sultanate of Mogadishu: 10th century Adal Sultanate: 13th century Warsangale Sultanate: 13th century Majeerteen Sultanate: 17th century Sultanate of the Geledi: 17th century Sultanate of Hobyo: 19th century British Somaliland: 1884 Italian Somaliland: 1889 Dervish state: 20th century Independence: 1. August 1960